1	BIO 215/315 Malheur Introduction to geologic principles
2	Layers of the Earth There are Four Layers Inner Core 1216 km (756 mi) Outer Core 2270 km (1410 mi) Mantle 2885 km (1789 mi) Crust 5-40km (3-25 mi)
3	Mantle Asthenospere 100-700 km downward Hot and fluid Lithosphere Sphere of rock Part of the mantle Part of the crust Cool and rigid Hydrosphere- water covering (the oceans) Atmosphere (the gas covering around the planet)
4	Plate tectonics The lithosphere Is fractured in to “plates” 11 major plates Other smaller “pieces”
5	Plate Tectonics Movie
6	3 Types of Plate Boundaries 1. Divergent Boundaries Plates move apart Magma fills the zone Sea floor spreading
7	3 Types of Plate Boundaries 2. Convergent Boundaries Plates collide Generally one sides Under the other Leads to inland volcanoes (Like the Cascade Range)
8	3 Types of Plate Boundaries 3. Transform Fault Boundaries Plates slide (grind) Past one another In opposite directions Earthquakes can be One result
9	3. Type of Rocks 1. Igneous rock (fire formed) Cooled magna in some form Process called crystalization 2. Sedimentary (settling rock) Sediments converted to rock by weight Process is called lithification 3. Metamorphic (changed form) Convert in form by heat and pressure Process called metamorphism
10	The Rock Cycle
11	Rock Cycle in Action
12	Igneous Rocks (Classification) 1. Intrusive or Plutonic Magna cooling beneath the surface Crystallizes at depth 2. Extrusive or Volcanic Magma that cooled or near the surface
13	Ignenous Rock (Textures) 1 Aphanitic (Ryolite) fine grained texture 2 Phaneritic (Granite) coarse grained texture 3 Porphyritic (Porphyry) large crystals embedded in smaller crystal masses 4 Glassy (Obsidian) Natural glassy texture (Rapid cooling)
14	Igneous Rocks (Names) Names are based on chemical makeup Calcium fledspar, iron, quartz, ect Cooling rate is the second factor
15	Igneous Rocks Names
16	Lava and Pyroclastic Rocks Tuff Ash fragments Hot an fused are called (welded tuff) Volcanic brecca
17	Lava and Pyroclastic Rocks Lava Flows Pahoehoe flows-twisted ropy floes Aa flows sharp edges Lava pours from fissures Flood basalts Volcanic Formations Shield volcanoes Calderas Cinder cones Lava tubes
18	Other Volcanic Issues (Plutons) Dikes Form when cracks are filled by lava which then cools Stills Laccoliths Batholiths
19	Mountain Building