1	VEGETATION Types of vegetation Grasses Long, slender blades Forbs Broad-leafed weedy looking plants No woody stems Shrubs Broad-leafed plants with woody stems Trees Mosses & lichens
2	Environmental influences on Vegetation Climate Precipitation Temperature Solar radiation (sunlight) Wind Soil Chemical content (nutrients, minerals) Moisture holding ability Biological factors
3	Precipitation Types of precipitation Rain Snow Fog Attributes of precipitation Amount Seasonal distribution May dictate growing period
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7	Temperature Thermoperiodism Effect of daily temperature cycles Dormancy Period of growth inactivity Quiescence Environmental conditions required for seed germination Effect of elevation & latitude Timberline Temp, reduced atmospheric gasses, poor soils, wind ® decreased growing period
8	Sunlight Seasons Intensity of light Photoperiods
9	Photoperiodism Effect of daily light cycles Critical length of day (min or max) required for flowering Short-day plants Day length shorter than critical length Ex. poinsettias, strawberries Long-day plants Day length longer than critical length Ex. potatoes, wheat, lettuce
10	Photoperiodism
11	Vegetation Communities Community An association of interacting species living in a particular area We often define comminutes by the dominant vegetation types
12	Vegetation Communities Types of Communities Mixed Conifer Douglas Fir –Western Hemlock Community Sliver Fir-Western Red Cedar community Ponderosa Pine- Aspen Community Single Species Western Juniper Community Mixed Shrub and Grasslands Sagebrush- Greasewood Community Rabbitbrush- Giant Wild Rye Community
13	Vegetation Communities
14	4 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES Mixed Conifer Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa) Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) Shrub steppe
15	Douglas Fir Communities Community characteristics Cool / moist Dense (thinner with maturity) Shady Dense understory Shrubs Mosses Lichens
16	Douglass Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
17	Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
18	Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata)
19	Salal (Gaultheria shallon)
20	Pacific Rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum)
21	Oregon grape (Mahonia nervosa)
22	Ponderosa Pine Communities Community characteristics Sunny dry mountain slopes Low / intermediate elevation More open than fir communities Open understory Shrubs Grasses Wildflowers Impact of fire Population control
23	Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)
24	Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
25	Western Juniper Communities Community characteristics Hot / dry summers Annual rainfall <15” Drought tolerant Sparse understory Grasses Sagebrush Wildflowers Coarse rocky soils
26	Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis)
27	Shrub Steppe (Sagebrush) Communities Community characteristics Semi-arid Hot summers, cold winters Annual precipitation <10” Sparse understory Grasses Wildflowers Soils Rocky / sandy Alkaline
28	Big Sagebrush (Artemesia tridentata)
29	Black Greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus)
30	Saltbush (Atriplex confertifolia)
31	Rabbitbrush (Ericameria sp.)
32	Giant Wild Rye (Leymus cinereus)
33	Adaptations to Semi-arid Environments Succulence Tissues for water storage Thick cuticle (waxy coat) Epidermal hairs (trichomes) Large volume:surface area Ex. cactus
34	Adaptations to Semi-arid Environments Shoot systems Plant size
35	Adaptations to Semi-arid Environments Shoot systems Plant size Leaves Size / number Cuticle Stomata Retention Ex. Budsage
36	Adaptations to Semi-arid Environments Root systems Tap roots Ex. mesquite Fibrous roots Ex. Creosote Bush
37	Adaptations to Semi-arid Environments Reproduction Annuals Complete life cycle during growing season Seeds Germination inhibiting chemicals