1	Nutrient Cycles
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3	Biogeochemical Cycles Know the important pools Know the forms of the nutrient/chemical Know the Human Impacts
4	Types of Cycles Geochemical Cycling Involve geologic process but do NOT Enter into living systems Biogeochemical Cycling Involve both geologic processes and biological cycling
5	Generalized Cycles
6	Biogeochemical Pools Pools Cycling small fraction of total available to living organisms generally enters through producers Decomposers facilitate cycling Reservoir Largest amount of nutrient Not available to living components (sequestered) Long time periods
7	Biogeochemical Cycles Two Main Types Gaseous those nutrients/chemicals that circulate in the atmosphere tend to be evenly distributed in the environment Sedimentary do not circulate in the atmosphere tend to be distributed in patches sometimes difficult to obtain
8	Biogeochemicals Essential for living organisms Some are easily acquired Highly variable in quantity needed
9	Biogeochemicals Carbon C Hydrogen H Oxygen O Backbone chemicals Sugars, carbohydrates, fats Account for nearly all biomass WATER H₂O
10	Biogeochemicals Nitrogen N Proteins Phosphorus P In bones makes them elastic Phospholipids – Cell membranes ATP- energy bonds DNA-genetic material
11	Biogeochemicals Calcium Ca Bones –gives rigidity Muscle contraction Potassium K Electrolyte cell to cell communication Muscle contraction
12	Biogeochemicals Iron FE Hemoglobin in blood oxygen transport Magnesium Vitamins Other minor elements See you vitamin jar
13	Hydrologic Cycle Reservoir Pool Oceans Polar Ice, glaciers Ground water Cycling Pool Lakes and Rivers Soil Moisture (Some) Atmosphere Forms Water, Ice, Snow, Hail, Sleet, ect Water vapor
14	Hydrologic Cycle
15	Hydrologic Cycle Processes Evaporation Precipitation Transpiration Infiltration/Percolation P/E Ratio >= 1 you get Trees
16	Hydrologic Cycle Human Impacts Fossil fuels Increases earth's temp Melt polar ice (warm air hold more water) Intensive farming Increase evaporation Decreases ground water (aquifers) Dams and Reservoirs increase evaporation shifts pool locations
17	Carbon Cycle Reservoir Pool Atmosphere (some) Fossil Fuels Cycling Pool Plant and Animals Forms Carbon dioxide (CO₂) Organic Carbons (carbohydrates, hydrocarbons)
18	Carbon Cycle Processes Photosynthesis Respiration Decomposition Burning (wood or fossil fuels)
19	Carbon Cycle
20	Carbon Cycle Human Impacts Burning Fossil Fuels Deforestation Water Pollution affects the aquatic cycle kills reefs kills estuaries (river outlets)
21	Nitrogen Cycle Reservoir Pool Atmosphere Cycling Pool Plants, Animals, and Detritus Sediments/ Soils Forms Atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) Ammonium (NH₃ and NH₄⁺) Nitrates (NO₂^- and NO₃^-)
22	Nitrogen Cycle Processes Nitrogen Fixation Transformations Nitrogen to Ammonia (N₂ to NH₃ ) Ammonia to Ammonium (NH₃ to NH₄⁺) Ammonium to Nitrite (NH₄⁺ to NO₂^- ) Nitrite to Nitrate (NO₂^- to NO₃^-) Ammonium to Nitrite Atmospheric nitrogen (NO₃^- to N₂⁾ Denitrification
23	Nitrogen Cycle
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25	Nitrogen Cycle Human Impacts Use of Fertilizers Removes nitrogen from atmosphere Increase organic reservoir Can lead to ecosystem changes Major sources of both atmospheric and aquatic pollution
26	Phosphorus Cycle Reservoirs Rocks Marine Sediments Cycling Pool Plants and Animals Forms Phosphate
27	Phosphorus Cycle Processes Weathering Normal movement in ecosystems Leaches in water
28	Phosphorus Cycle
29	Phosphorus Cycle Human Impacts Sewage, Fertilizer, and Detergents all contain phosphate pollute aquatic systems Dams prevent upstream fish migration