1	Arthropods
2	Scorpions Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida (some suggest Scorpionida) Anuroctonus phaiodactylus
3	Scorpions
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5	Ticks Phylum Arthropoda Arthropods Class Arachnida - Arachnids Subclass Acari - Mites and Ticks Superorder Parasitiformes Order Ixodida - Ticks Family Ixodidae - Hard Ticks Genus Dermacentor
6	Ticks Seemingly Fused Body Head Region Wide Range Ixodes (Ticks) Parasites feeding on blood
7	Western Harvester Ants Phylum Arthropoda - Arthropods Class Insecta - Insects Order Hymenoptera - Ants, Bees, Wasps and Sawflies Family Formicidae - Ants Subfamily Myrmicinae Genus Pogonomyrmex - Harvester Ants
8	"Western harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex..." Western harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) make distinctive mound nests on the desert floor. Important species in desert areas Seed banking Mating can be dramatic in harvester ants. Winged male and female ants fly away from their home nests to certain congrating sites where they encounter ants from other nests.
9	Reptiles/Amphibians
10	Common Sagebrush Lizard Kingdom - Animals - Animalia Phylum - Vertebrates - Craniata Class - Reptiles - Reptilia Order - Lizards / Snakes - Squamata Family - Sagebush / Spiny Lizards - Phrynosomatidae Species - Common Sagebrush Lizard - Sceloporus graciosus
11	"Habitat" Habitat This species occurs in sage-steppe habitats, sometimes in the presence of sedimentary rock outcrops (limestone and sandstone), and in areas with open stands of limber pine and Utah juniper or ponderosa pine. In many places, open bare ground is abundant, grass cover is less than 10%, and height of shrub cover may be as low as 0.25 meters. Favored areas tend to have a high percentage of open bare ground and a component of low to tall bushes, such as sagebrush and rabbitbrush It uses rodent burrows, shrubs, logs, and rocks for cover. Food Habits This species is an invertivore; nine orders of insects (ants, beetles, and moths the most abundant), spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites have been reported in the diet. Adults sometimes eat hatchling lizards.
12	"Ecology" Ecology Sagebrush lizards are active during the day in the warmer hours from early May through mid-September Annual survival rate averaged roughly 50 to 60% in adults, but less than 30% in juveniles and eggs Use of rodent burrows for overnight refuge, escape, and winter hibernation has been documented. The sagebrush lizard is probably food for a wide variety of reptiles, birds, and mammals, but documented predators are surprisingly few. Predators include striped whipsnake (Masticophis taeniatus), night snake (Hypsiglena torguata), desert collared lizard (Crotaphytus bicinctores), eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), and a variety of birds including American Kestrel (Falco sparverius), Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), and Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens)
13	Desert Horned Lizard Kingdom - Animals - Animalia Phylum - Vertebrates - Craniata Class - Reptiles - Reptilia Order - Lizards / Snakes - Squamata Family - Lizards –Iguanidae Species – Desert Horned Lizard – Phrynosoma platyrhinos
14	"Habitat" Habitat This lizard inhabits deserts dominated by sagebrush, creosotebush, greasewood, or cactus, on sandy flats, alluvial fans, washes, or at the edge of dunes Periods of inactivity are spent burrowed in the soil. Ants are the favorite food of horned lizards, making up about 50% of their diet. The lizards also eat honeybees and a variety of other insects. Ecology Predators include: prairie falcons, loggerhead shrikes, longnose leopard lizards and striped whipsnakes
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17	Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus)
18	"Behavior" Behavior Primarily nocturnal and crepuscular during periods of excessive daytime heat, but also active during daylight when the temperature is more moderate. Not active during cooler periods in Winter. In colder areas, known to den in burrows, caves, and rock crevices, sometimes in large numbers, and sometimes with other snake species. Prey is found while the snake is actively moving, or by ambush, where the snake waits near lizard or rodent trails, striking at and releasing passing prey. The snake then follows the trail of the envenomated animal and swallows it whole. When alarmed, a rattlesnake shakes its tail back and forth. The movement rubs the rattle segments together producing a buzzing sound which serves as a warning. Juveniles are born with only a silent button at the end of the tail.
19	"Diet" Diet Eats birds, lizards, snakes, frogs, insects, and small mammals, including mice, rats, rabbits, hares, and ground squirrels. (Adult California Ground Squirrels are immune to rattlesnake venom and will intensely confront any snake they feel to be a threat.) rocky hillsides, talus slopes and outcrops, rocky stream courses, rocky areas in grasslands, mixed woodlands, montane forests, pinyon juniper, sagebrush. Sea level to around 11,000 ft.
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22	Deer Mice Kingdom - Animals - Animalia Phylum - Vertebrates - Craniata Class - Mammals - Mammalia Order - Rodents - Rodent Family - Mice / Voles / Lemmings / Rats - Muridae Deer Mouse - Peromyscus maniculatus
23	"Habitat" Habitat In virtually all habitats - sagebrush desert, grasslands, riparian areas, montane, subalpine coniferous forests & alpine tundra Usually not seen in wetlands Food Habits Omnivorous diet although dentition is adapted for seed eating. Invertebrates important in warm months, green plant material a minor but important component. Stores some food in burrow Ecology In forest areas densities peak about 2-5 years after clear- cutting, then decline as succession advances. 15 yrs. after cut, uncut & cut densities similar On prairie production may be linked to precipitation
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25	Ord's Kangaroo Rat Kingdom - Animals - Animalia Phylum - Vertebrates - Craniata Class - Mammals - Mammalia Order - Rodents - Rodentia Family - Pocket Mice / Kangaroo Rats - Heteromyidae Species - Ord's Kangaroo Rat - Dipodomys ordii
26	"Habitat" Habitat Sandy areas along dry streams and on flats. Sage-grassland areas. Food Habits Granivorous--seeds of weeds, grasses, forbs. Insects in summer. Ecology Transports food in cheek pouches. Removes contents by applying pressure from shoulder against pouch.
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28	Black-tailed Jack Rabbit Kingdom - Animals - Animalia Phylum - Vertebrates - Craniata Class - Mammals – Mammalia Order - Rabbits / Hares - Lagomorpha Family - Rabbits - Leporidae Species – Black-tailed Jack Rabbit – Lepus californicus
29	"Ecology" Ecology They are true hares with precocial young. They are considered both a "desirable" (food, recreation) and "undesirable" (crop damage, competition with livestock) species As with other species of rabbits and hares, L. californicus populations are known to fluctuate markedly, with alternating periods of local population increases and declines. Although these cycles can be rather dramatic, they appear to be considerably lower in magnitude than the frequently cited example of the snowshoe hares (L. americanus) It is not likely that individuals in the wild survive more than seven years. During the day, individuals rest in shallow depressions under vegetation called forms. These structures measure 10 to 20 centimeters in width, 30 to 45 centimeters in length, and 3 to 11 centimeters in depth. The characteristic long ears of the species demonstrate geographical variation in size occurring according to Allen's Rule. This general 'rule' predicts that external appendages such as ears will be enlarged in warmer climates to facilitate radiation of heat back into the air. The ears of L. californicus, on average, are larger in warmer climates than the ears of populations of L. californicus here in Oregon L. californicus is well suited for a jumping style of locomotion. Individuals casually will move at a rate of 1.5 to 3 meters per jump, but can cover up to 10 meters when disturbed L. californicus can move at speeds of up to 56 kilometers per hour and jump as high as 1.5 meters.
30	"Habitat" Habitat Black-tailed jack rabbit is known to occupy a small range of habitats, including open plains, fields, and deserts (Caire et al. 1989). In the United States it has often been reported that populations increase with heavy cattle grazing these jack rabbits are associated with open country with scattered shrubs or cacti for cover. The species is known to occur at elevations ranging from 84 meters below to 3,750 meters above sea level . Food Habits Forage on to herbaceous vegetation such as grasses and forbs during the spring and summer, but switch to the buds, bark, and leaves of woody plants in the fall and winter . Water is obtained through consumed vegetation; an individual's diet is 68% water at minimum. Because the diet of these jack rabbits is often low in nutrients, additional water, protein, and vitamins have to be obtained through coprophagy - the consumption of fecal pellets Young are known to consume the pellets of their mother. These soft pellets are produced while resting during the day, swallowed whole, and re-digested. An adult can consume as much as 390 grams of forage each day and will produce, on average, 545 pellets
31	Mountain Cottontail Kingdom - Animals - Animalia Phylum - Vertebrates - Craniata Class - Mammals - Mammalia Order - Rabbits / Hares - Lagomorpha Family - Rabbits - Leporidae Species - Mountain Cottontail Sylvilagus nuttallii
32	"Habitat" Habitat Primarily dense shrubby undergrowth, riparian areas. In mountains, it uses shrub-filled gullies and forest edges. Brushy, rocky areas; found in dense sagebrush, streamside thickets and brushy forest edges. Uses burrows and forms. May sometimes climb into junipers Food Habits Sagebrush may be a principle food. Grasses also a preferred food. Juniper sometimes used. May prefer grasses in spring and summer Ecology Predators include bobcats, coyotes, great horned and long-eared owls. Gopher snake and western rattlesnake are important predators on juveniles in some areas (Diller and Johnson 1988). Population density ranged from 19 to 254 per 100 ha in Oregon (Verts et al. 1984);
33	Marmots Kingdom - Animals - Animalia Phylum - Vertebrates - Craniata Class - Mammals - Mammalia Order - Rodents - Rodentia Family - Squirrels - Sciuridae Yellow-bellied Marmot - Marmota flaviventris
34	Marmots Habitat Semi-fossorial. Inhabits talus slopes or rock outcrops in meadows. Abundant herbaceous & grassy plants nearby. Rocks support burrows & serve as sunning & observation posts. Avoids dense forests. Food Habits Grasses, flowers, forbs--in late summer eats seeds. Moderate grazing by ungulates may favor marmots. Heavy grazing may have adverse effects. Ecology Occurs from valley bottoms to alpine tundra where suitable habitat exists.
35	Pronghorn Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Antilocapridae Genus: Antilocapra Antilocapra americana [Ord, 1815].
36	Pronghorn Life span: 7-12 years. Active throughout the 24-hour day, with slight peaks in activity at dawn and dusk Normally running at speeds of 40 kmph / 24 mph, its maximum speed of 95 kmph / 57 mph With excellent eyesight, the pronghorn can detect potential sources of danger from several kilometers
37	"Habitat" Habitat Open, rolling sagebrush/grasslands Winter habitats less diverse than sum. Sagebrush-grassland preferred Summers: mixed shrub, perennial grass-lands, silversage & annual forb types Food Habits Forbs in spring and summer; browse, especially sagebrush, in winter; small amounts of young grasses in spring and after fall rains . Presence of browse, particularly big sagebrush, is important limiting factor on N ranges. Forbs important in summer, grasses usually minor all year Ecology Populations extremely dynamic. Move S during severe win. weather. Fences can be a major obstacle. May be incompatible w/ sheep, compat. w/ cattle. Extensive cultivation over-simplifies, reduces habitat